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''Chicago-style politics'' is a phrase which has been used to refer to the city of Chicago, Illinois' history of political corruption. It has been used to refer to the Democratic Party-dominated machine, or "boss," politics of Chicago during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, as well as to the administration of Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley,〔〔Nicola Mann, "The Death And Resurrection of Chicago's Public Housing in the American Visual Imagination," Doctoral Dissertation, University of Rochester, 2011. *"Unlike other U.S. cities like New York City, Chicago never benefited from a reformist Mayor such as Fiorello LaGuardia. Instead, for the past forty-five years, Chicago has been beholden to the so-called Chicago-style politics of Richard J. Daley and his son Richard M. Daley. This one-party/one-family made the city vulnerable to corruption..."〕〔John N. Kotre, (The Best of Times, the Worst of Times: Andrew Greeley and American Catholicism, 1950-1975. )〕 and to Chicago's history of political corruption more generally. More recently, the phrase was used by Republican Party politicians and activists during the 2008 Presidential Election and 2012 Presidential Election campaigns against Barack Obama, who had lived in Chicago since 1985. The phrase has also has been used in recent years to characterize a supposedly offensive “tough, take-no-prisoners approach to politics”.〔 〕 ==Origins and meaning== Journalists Chuck McCutcheon and David Mark have described the phrase ''Chicago politics'' as a reference to the "unsavory and even corrupt" aspects of politics in Chicago, and noted that in the heyday of the Chicago machine, this included patronage, nepotism, and "activities that regularly drew the attention of federal prosecutors." According to McCutcheon and Mark, Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley's tenure as mayor "is often considered Chicago-style politics at its worst."〔 The term ''Chicago-style politics'' was used as a shorthand for political corruption as early as the 1970s. In 1970, for example, Chicago Tribune reporter Humbert Nelli suggested in a historical profile of early twentieth-century mafia boss Anthony D'Andrea that Andrea had possessed all the qualities necessary to excel at "Chicago-style politics" - namely, the need to be "cynical, vicious, corrupt, pragmatic and well connected with criminal elements."〔Nelli, H, "Anthony D'andrea's first and last hurrah," ''Chicago Tribune,'' December 6, 1970.〕 Nelli had been referring to the politics of Chicago around 1910, but the phrase was also used to describe contemporary Chicago politics during the 1970s. In 1977, for example, Chicago Tribune reporter Stanley Ziemba described "charges of corrupt patronage systems, mob influence, and political clout and reprisals" as the hallmarks of "Chicago-style politics" while reporting on civic elections in Chicago's suburbs.〔Ziemba, S., "Crime, cronyism: New suburb issues," ''Chicago Tribune,'' April 17, 1977.〕 Reporters have often used the term in this way since the 1970s. In 2003, for example, ''Seattle Weekly'' editor David Brewster, said that "Chicago-style politics" were "coming to Seattle" in reference to a local scandal over campaign contributions, defining the phrase as "this whole muscling-the-opposition, reward-your-friends and punish-your-enemies, tough-guy politics." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chicago-style politics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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